Reactivity and electrical properties of (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis using Bi and Ti oxides

Fine and homogeneous ceramic powders of bismuth sodium titanate, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT), were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis process by using the Bi2O3 TiO2 as starting raw materials. In particularly, conditions such temperature, time NaOH-aq concentration controlled optimized to obtain fine BNT particles with single perovskite structure. Then, appropriate obtained 12 M, 240 °C for 24 h in process. Synthesized under these shows structure have uniform spherical shape particle size 200 nm diameter. By those powders, dense ceramics more than 95 % relative density could be after sintering at 1050 2 h. microstructure 2.8 µm grain from SEM observation. An electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 = 0.44 piezoelectric constant d33 83 pC/N calculated resonance anti-resonance method on synthesized sintered These values are almost comparable conventional dry 1140